Quinine has a number of names, like red cinchona, cinchona bark, Jesuit’s bark, loxa bark, Jesuit’s powder, countess powder, and Peruvian bark. Once native to the Andes in South America, humans exported it across the globe because of its medicinal value in treating malaria. However, overuse in ancient times created new strains of malaria that resisted the treatment, leaving quinine in the Fifth World relatively useless.